If the energy usage of your device is very low, it is easiest to assemble a linear voltage stabilizer from literally two parts: the OA and the transistor. And use analog Fork output as a reference voltage.
This solution will allow the voltage to be adjusted between 0 and 10V. Maximum power is limited by the capabilities of the VT1 transistor and its cooling.
In our case, the debugging board STM32F0 is the test device. Its consumption/energy use is no more than 70 mA. Thus, the transistor will generate about 0.7 watts of heat, when it's powered by the 12V.
To control the serviceability of the device and possible short circuits - we will add a current-measuring shunt to the "ground." This, of course, reduces the actual supply voltage of the device. But with quite little resistance of the shunt, this influence is slight. In our case, the drop on the shunt will not exceed 70 mV.