Fork + Relay
In this article I will carry out a study of the Chinese relay for reliability (number of switches).
Figure 1 - Relay
1. Switch the relay at idle
Will be necessary for the circuit:
- Fork;
- Breadboard;
- Relay;
- Set of wires.
Figure 2 - Photograph of layout 1
Figure 3 - Circuit for test without load
Note - As a source of +5 V I used the power supply and DC/DC converter, with a possibility of the output voltage adjustment. Any other source of +5 V is also acceptable.
Assembled a circuit to test the relay at idle.
All commands are sent in the browser address bar.
To check the link, I enter the command
Assembled a circuit to test the relay at idle.
All commands are sent in the browser address bar.
To check the link, I enter the command
http://192.168.0.205/control?DI0
Fork gives 0. I enter the command
http://192.168.0.205/control?DO0=1
to set the DO0 output high (high mode). The relay switches. And again I request the DI0 status
http://192.168.0.205/control?DI0
This time the fork gives 1. Everything is connected correctly.
In order to automate the relay switching process, I wrote a script in javascript that will switch relays in automatic mode and check the result. If a switch occurs, the script will increment the counter. Otherwise, we would see an error message and process would stop. Also, the script will constantly display the counter value. LINK.
In order to automate the relay switching process, I wrote a script in javascript that will switch relays in automatic mode and check the result. If a switch occurs, the script will increment the counter. Otherwise, we would see an error message and process would stop. Also, the script will constantly display the counter value. LINK.
Figure 4 - Script algorithm
Figure 5 - Screenshot of the script
Set the number of switches to 100 at 2 Hz.
Started the process. For the test, I simulate the sticking of the relay by disconnecting one wire from Fork. I see that the process has stopped at the point of 7th iteration. I can also see an error message.
Started the process. For the test, I simulate the sticking of the relay by disconnecting one wire from Fork. I see that the process has stopped at the point of 7th iteration. I can also see an error message.
Figure 6 - Screenshot of the error
Started the process and waited for it to complete. A success message is displayed.
Figure 7 - Screenshot of successful completion
Now I will set up 100,000 switches and then start the process.
We'll have to wait about 14 hours.
In 14 hours I will see a "success" notification. The relay has completed 100,000 switches.
We'll have to wait about 14 hours.
In 14 hours I will see a "success" notification. The relay has completed 100,000 switches.
Figure 8 - Screenshot of successful completion
2. Relay switching at 8 A load
I will proceed to step 2 and assemble the current load circuit.
In this case, we will also be needing:
- Power supply unit 12В/10А;
- Load resistor 1.5 Ohm 100 W;
- Wire set with section 0.75 mm2;
- Two resistors rated 6.8 kOhm and 4 kOhm.
Note - as a load I used 3 resistors rated 4.7 ohms, connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is 1.56 ohms, which corresponds to a current of 7.65 A.
In this case, we will also be needing:
- Power supply unit 12В/10А;
- Load resistor 1.5 Ohm 100 W;
- Wire set with section 0.75 mm2;
- Two resistors rated 6.8 kOhm and 4 kOhm.
Note - as a load I used 3 resistors rated 4.7 ohms, connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is 1.56 ohms, which corresponds to a current of 7.65 A.
Figure 9 - Photograph of layout 2
Figure 10 - Circuit for test at a load of 8A
To verify, I enter the command
http://192.168.0.205/control?DI0
the fork gives 0. I issue the command
http://192.168.0.205/control?DO0=1
to set the DO0 output high (put it in the high mode). The relay switches. And then again, I request the DI0 status
http://192.168.0.205/control?DI0
Fork gives 1. The diagram is collected correctly.
I run a script.
The relay again has completed 100,000 switches at a load current of 8 Amperes.
I run a script.
The relay again has completed 100,000 switches at a load current of 8 Amperes.
3. Relay switching at 8 A load with capacitive component
I proceed to stage 3. In addition to the 8А load in parallel, I connected an electrolytic capacitor at 50 V and 330 μF, to simulate the start-up current of some tool. I also increased relay switching frequency to 4 Hz.
Here is the circuit.
Here is the circuit.
Figure 11 - Circuit for test at 8A load with simulation of starting current
The relay switches in a correct way. Has completed 60,000 switches. Set the switching frequency to 10 Hz. The relay has completed another 40,000 switches. In total, the relay has already completed 300,000 switches. Of these, 200,000 are loaded with 8 amperes.
4. Relay switching at 220В load, 2 kW.
Due to the fact that the relay remain its operational functionality under all the above circumstances/mentioned effects, I decided to put it on the load of 2 kW. In general, the diagram remained the same, but as a load I connected a kettle (with a capacity of about 2 kW). The problem now is how to detect the switching moment in this case? Luckily, the current transformer was right by me. As a result, the scheme turned out to be like this.
Figure 12 - current transformer sensor ZMCT103C
Figure 13 - Photograph of layout 3
Figure 14 - Circuit for test at a load of 2 kW
It was necessary to replace Fork's digital input with analog input to detect the state of the relay.
To verify, I enter the command
To verify, I enter the command
http://192.168.0.205/control?DO0=1
to complete the relay. Requesting AI1 by entering the command
http://192.168.0.205/control?AI1
Figure 15 - Script algorithm for the Fork's analog input
I'm setting the switching frequency at 2 Hz. Running execution script. At 431 switches, the kettle boils.
5. Conclusion
Overall, the relay completed more than 300,000 switches at various loads, while maintaining serviceability/operation functionality. Fork made it possible to send relay switching signals and detect the result of their execution both at digital feedback signal and at analogue signal. Also, the program was implemented by standard Windows tools without any additional software.
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In order to complete your order or contact you to discuss a partnership, you must provide us with certain information, such as your name, email address, phone number(in some cases, postal address, payment information, and details of the product you are ordering). You can also provide us with additional personal information (for example, for an individual order) if you contact us directly.
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Why we need your information and how we use it
We rely on a number of legal grounds to collect, use, and share your information, including:
as necessary to provide our services, such as when we use your information to fulfill your order, resolve disputes, or provide customer support;
when you have given your affirmative consent, which you can revoke at any time, for example by subscribing to our mailing list.
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Information sharing and disclosure
Information about our customers is important to our business, so we do not share this information with third parties. Otherwise, it is possible only after receiving your personal consent.
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Data storage
We only store your personal information for as long as it is necessary to provide our services and as described in this privacy policy. However, we may also be required to store this information in accordance with our legal and regulatory obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements. Maximum period of storage of your data: 5 years.
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We may store and process your information through third-party hosting services in the United States and other jurisdictions. As a result, we may transfer your personal information to a jurisdiction with different data protection and government oversight laws than your jurisdiction. If we are deemed to be transferring information about you outside the EU, we rely on Privacy Shield as the legal basis for the transfer.
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Your right
If you live in certain territories, including the EU, you have a number of rights with respect to your personal information. While some of these rights apply in General, some rights only apply in certain limited cases. We describe these rights below:
Access. You may have the right to access and obtain a copy of the personal information we hold about you by contacting us using the contact information below.
Edit, restrict, delete. You also have the right to change, restrict or delete your personal information. No exceptional circumstances (for example, when we are required to store data for legal reasons) We will generally delete your personal information upon request.
An object. You may object to the processing of some of your data based on our legitimate interests and the receipt of marketing messages from us after you have provided your explicit consent to receive them(providing mail is such consent). In such cases, we will delete your personal information if we do not have a valid and legitimate reason to continue using this information or if it is necessary for legal reasons.
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How to contact us
For the purposes of EU data protection law, we, Artes Electronics, are the data controller of your personal information. If you have any questions or concerns, you can contact us at info@arteselectronics.com. In addition, you can send us an mail at: office 17, 50A Tambovskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 192007, Russia