Transistor research
Get input and output characteristics of bipolar transistor 2n3904
1. Structure. Connection diagram. Ranges and ratings selection
- 33 kOhm resistor
- resistor of 1 kOhm
- transistor 2n3904
- breadboard
- Fork
In order to obtain characteristics, we need to measure voltages and currents. Voltages are easy to measure, but currents will have to be calculated through a voltage drop on resistors. The maximum current per AO channel without reducing the output voltage may be 10mA. This will be our maximum current in the collector in this experiment. The maximum voltage on the channel 10 V therefore resistor on the collector should be 1 kOhm. According to datasheet we have that at 10mA hfe equals about 150. From this we conclude that the maximum current in the base is 66 μA. Now we calculate the limiting resistor 10V/66 μA = 35087 Ohm or 33 kOhm, the nearest power rating of the resistor/resistor value. We have the 2 following diagrams.
2. Input and output characteristics
∆Ub = h11∆Ub + h12∆Uc
∆Ic = h21∆Ub + h22∆Uc
Where Ub is base voltage, Ib is base current, Uc is collector voltage, Ic is collector current.
H - parameters that are not constant and also depend on currents, voltages and temperature, but here we will not review it.
There are two main types of characteristics: base current dependence on base voltage with different Vc = const, and collector current dependence on collector voltage with different Ib = const. We will ontain those during our experiment.
H - parameters that are not constant and also depend on currents, voltages and temperature, but here we will not review it.
There are two main types of characteristics: base current dependence on base voltage with different Vc = const, and collector current dependence on collector voltage with different Ib = const. We will ontain those during our experiment.
3. Getting results in Python
For this purpose, we will write a script in Python and use a library for Fork (library that implements fork). From the library we will need two commands, these are aoSet () and aiGet (). To make the diagram, we need to add a matplotlib library. Links how to install and use matplotlib. It is obvious that in the cycle we will supply voltage sequences to the circuit inputs and drop voltages at the collector and base. Let's start with the input characteristics. Since the input characteristic is exponential, the characteristics will first apply the voltage with a smaller step/pitch.
V_B_IN=[0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
V_B_IN=[0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,
0.7,0.8,0.9,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,
1.7,1.8,1.9,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
We record the characteristics for two values of voltage on the collector
Now we do it for output characteristics. There is a cycle in the cycle to pass different values of the base current. By the way, it is necessary not to forget to get the current of the base at the end of measurement of each branch, as we set the input voltage, not the current.
As you can see, if we connect all ends of the branches, we get a straight line, which is a load characteristic for a circuit/diagram with a common emmiter. In fact, this is our diagram (that we pursue).
4. Getting results in JavaScript
To measure the characteristics in Javascript, we need to do the same actions with Fork as we did in Python. Here we will use the API commands to set the voltage on the AO channels and receive it at the AI inputs.
http://192.168.0.205/control?AO0=3.3'
http://192.168.0.205/control?AI7
Next thing we need is to submit a sequence of AJAX requests. The script has a ready function for this
make_ajax_req_onok('GET',url_path
'control?'ao_ch_b"="V_B_IN[i_v_b_in],
function(){
setTimeout(get_base_volts_pr
ocess,get_volts_delay);
}
);
Here we need to know how the url is formed. In the url_path our ip is recorded, in ao_ch_b the literal of the AO channel is recorded, which controls the base, and V_B_IN[i_v_b_in] it is an array of voltages that we will sequentially apply to the AO.
We will use the https://www.chartjs.org/ library to display the diagrams.
We will use the https://www.chartjs.org/ library to display the diagrams.
Input characteristics
Output characteristics
5. References to the code examples
PRODUCT Guide
Subscribe news
Privacy policy
This privacy policy describes how and when we collect, use, and share information when you provide your personal information(name, phone number, email address) on the site forktestlab.com or related sites and services.
This privacy policy does not apply to the actions of third parties that we do not own or control. You can refer to Artes Electronics privacy policy to learn more about its privacy practices.
__________
Information we collect
In order to complete your order or contact you to discuss a partnership, you must provide us with certain information, such as your name, email address, phone number(in some cases, postal address, payment information, and details of the product you are ordering). You can also provide us with additional personal information (for example, for an individual order) if you contact us directly.
__________
Why we need your information and how we use it
We rely on a number of legal grounds to collect, use, and share your information, including:
as necessary to provide our services, such as when we use your information to fulfill your order, resolve disputes, or provide customer support;
when you have given your affirmative consent, which you can revoke at any time, for example by subscribing to our mailing list.
__________
Information sharing and disclosure
Information about our customers is important to our business, so we do not share this information with third parties. Otherwise, it is possible only after receiving your personal consent.
__________
Data storage
We only store your personal information for as long as it is necessary to provide our services and as described in this privacy policy. However, we may also be required to store this information in accordance with our legal and regulatory obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements. Maximum period of storage of your data: 5 years.
__________
Transfer of personal information outside the EU
We may store and process your information through third-party hosting services in the United States and other jurisdictions. As a result, we may transfer your personal information to a jurisdiction with different data protection and government oversight laws than your jurisdiction. If we are deemed to be transferring information about you outside the EU, we rely on Privacy Shield as the legal basis for the transfer.
__________
Your right
If you live in certain territories, including the EU, you have a number of rights with respect to your personal information. While some of these rights apply in General, some rights only apply in certain limited cases. We describe these rights below:
Access. You may have the right to access and obtain a copy of the personal information we hold about you by contacting us using the contact information below.
Edit, restrict, delete. You also have the right to change, restrict or delete your personal information. No exceptional circumstances (for example, when we are required to store data for legal reasons) We will generally delete your personal information upon request.
An object. You may object to the processing of some of your data based on our legitimate interests and the receipt of marketing messages from us after you have provided your explicit consent to receive them(providing mail is such consent). In such cases, we will delete your personal information if we do not have a valid and legitimate reason to continue using this information or if it is necessary for legal reasons.
__________
How to contact us
For the purposes of EU data protection law, we, Artes Electronics, are the data controller of your personal information. If you have any questions or concerns, you can contact us at info@arteselectronics.com. In addition, you can send us an mail at: office 17, 50A Tambovskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 192007, Russia
This privacy policy does not apply to the actions of third parties that we do not own or control. You can refer to Artes Electronics privacy policy to learn more about its privacy practices.
__________
Information we collect
In order to complete your order or contact you to discuss a partnership, you must provide us with certain information, such as your name, email address, phone number(in some cases, postal address, payment information, and details of the product you are ordering). You can also provide us with additional personal information (for example, for an individual order) if you contact us directly.
__________
Why we need your information and how we use it
We rely on a number of legal grounds to collect, use, and share your information, including:
as necessary to provide our services, such as when we use your information to fulfill your order, resolve disputes, or provide customer support;
when you have given your affirmative consent, which you can revoke at any time, for example by subscribing to our mailing list.
__________
Information sharing and disclosure
Information about our customers is important to our business, so we do not share this information with third parties. Otherwise, it is possible only after receiving your personal consent.
__________
Data storage
We only store your personal information for as long as it is necessary to provide our services and as described in this privacy policy. However, we may also be required to store this information in accordance with our legal and regulatory obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements. Maximum period of storage of your data: 5 years.
__________
Transfer of personal information outside the EU
We may store and process your information through third-party hosting services in the United States and other jurisdictions. As a result, we may transfer your personal information to a jurisdiction with different data protection and government oversight laws than your jurisdiction. If we are deemed to be transferring information about you outside the EU, we rely on Privacy Shield as the legal basis for the transfer.
__________
Your right
If you live in certain territories, including the EU, you have a number of rights with respect to your personal information. While some of these rights apply in General, some rights only apply in certain limited cases. We describe these rights below:
Access. You may have the right to access and obtain a copy of the personal information we hold about you by contacting us using the contact information below.
Edit, restrict, delete. You also have the right to change, restrict or delete your personal information. No exceptional circumstances (for example, when we are required to store data for legal reasons) We will generally delete your personal information upon request.
An object. You may object to the processing of some of your data based on our legitimate interests and the receipt of marketing messages from us after you have provided your explicit consent to receive them(providing mail is such consent). In such cases, we will delete your personal information if we do not have a valid and legitimate reason to continue using this information or if it is necessary for legal reasons.
__________
How to contact us
For the purposes of EU data protection law, we, Artes Electronics, are the data controller of your personal information. If you have any questions or concerns, you can contact us at info@arteselectronics.com. In addition, you can send us an mail at: office 17, 50A Tambovskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 192007, Russia